APPLICATION OF GAGNE’s 9 INSTRUCTIONAL EVENTS

Pre-Instructional Phase (Appetizers)	1. Gain Attention	* Begin the lesson with a question or conflict. * Begin the lesson with a demonstration or experiment. * Use humor, vary media, get students involved
	2. Inform Learners of the Objectives	* Review course objectives that are relevant to the lesson. * Explain how meeting the objectives is useful to the. student in terms of real-world applications
	3. Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning	* Pre-test prior knowledge and prerequisite skills. * Ask students to share their current perceptions of the topic. * Create a concept map of prior knowledge
Instructional Phase (Meat and Potatoes)	4. Present the Stimulus	* Lecture in small chunks whenever possible. * Use a variety of media and methods in presenting information. * Show examples and non-examples to clarify concepts
	5. Provide Learner Guidance	* Highlight important ideas, concepts, or rules. * Use repetition. * Provide students with learning strategies such as pneumonic memory aids
	6. Elicit Student Performance	* Allow for several practice sessions over a period of time. * Provide role-play, case studies, or simulations
	7. Provide Feedback	* Feedback should be immediate, specific, and corrective. * Allow additional practice opportunities after feedback is given.
Post-Instructional Phase	8. Assess Performance	* Provide independent activities that test student knowledge/skill acquisition
(Dessert)	9. Enhance Retention and Transfer	* Apply learning in real-world scenarios. * Highlight connections with other subject areas or events.

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